The recent pause on the steepest tariffs on Chinese goods has led importers to boost stalled orders from Asia, but not by enough to eliminate the risk of retail shortages in the months ahead, according to a new survey from CNBC and interviews with logistics executives and retailers.
The majority of respondents to a recent CNBC Supply Chain Survey (59%) said they are not seeing a restart in holiday orders from importers since the announcement of the trade war pause. Among those saying order activity has resumed, over half (53%) say those orders are full holiday orders.
The CNBC Supply Chain Survey was conducted between May 14 and 16, with approximately 100 responses to these questions fielded from a sample including freight and logistics services providers, retailers, and consumer goods companies.
Separately, retailers tell CNBC even with the reduction in the steepest tariffs on Chinese goods from 125% to 30%, the import taxes remain too high to complete full orders. The “stacking of existing tariffs” has many companies paying well over 30%.
“While the de-escalation deal moves us in the right direction, we need to move much farther and much faster to avoid more damage to the economy,” said Stephen Lamar, CEO of the American Apparel and Footwear Association. “Clarity, not more confusion and costs, needs to be the order of the day,” he said.
Fewer shipping containers are expected to enter major U.S. ports in the coming weeks even as some imports rebound from trade war lows, based on commentary from the Port of Los Angeles.
On Monday, Gene Seroka, executive director of the Port of Los Angeles, said some companies are cutting it really close with their seasonal product orders.
“Think summer fashion, back to school, Halloween,” said Seroka. “May is traditionally the month where a lot of purchase orders go in for the year-end and Christmas holidays. It typically takes about three months to send an order to a factory, have those goods made and get them ready to ship from Asia to the United States.”
Seroka said he does not see a container surge similar to the pandemic coming to the Port of Los Angeles since the port has less than 30% of the number of containers it had during the peak of Covid.
“What we’ll see is a little bit of an uptick in bookings in Asia cargo coming over,” Seroka said. “You won’t see a deluge of freight here at the Port of Los Angeles,” he added.
He said that means consumers should expect lower inventory across retail sectors and in the parts supply chains for American factories.
“That’ll leave us with fewer selections of products and likely higher prices,” Seroka said. “But for now, uncertainty remains in every business meeting that I have, and trying to find a way to make the best decisions for companies possible still remains elusive.”
The freight business is impacted by the ongoing trade pressures, with port labor and trucking and rail industries that depend on container volumes also taking a hit.
“Currently, we are experiencing a significant decline since the end of Q1,” said Paul Brashier, vice president of global supply chain at ITS Logistics. “This decline is primarily attributed to the high tariffs imposed on Chinese goods. Some volume was buoyed by front-loading and alternative sourcing from Southeast Asia, India, and Europe. However, we expect this downward trend to continue throughout May and into early June, while shippers restart import operations from China.”
Brashier said because some orders have been un-paused, there will be a short-lived container increase, but it will not be a sustained Covid container “surge.”
After ocean carriers cut down on vessel sailings due to the trade war, they will need to ramp up vessel capacity quickly to accommodate the sudden increase in cargo, and for shippers to get their cargo in by the peak season cargo deadline of Aug. 14, according to Alan Murphy, CEO of Sea-Intelligence. “This means cargo needs to be shipped no later than by mid-July,” he said.
On the Transpacific trade to the North America West Coast, he said there has not yet been what he would call “a meaningful injection of new capacity,” while on the East Coast, he added that there has already been some attempt to increase capacity relative to just a week ago.
More than half of the CNBC survey respondents answering a question about blanked sailings say they remain concerned about available ocean freight space.
Front-loading of orders will help retail, for now
To some extent, the rush of orders earlier this year, the “front-loading” ahead of tariffs, has created some room for retail inventory to be effectively managed.
Retailers tell CNBC they were forced to abandon some freight at the ports because it was too expensive to pay the expected tariffs on China. Logistics respondents said that abandoned freight was moved to the secondary market, auction houses, and special bonded warehouses called “General Order,” where, after six months, if the goods are not cleared within that timeframe, they may be sold at auction, donated, or retained by the government. U.S. Customs oversees these warehouses.
Brett Rose, CEO of United National Consumer Suppliers, which supplies products to stores such as Macy’s, T.J. Maxx, Marshalls, Ross Stores and third-party Amazon sellers, said he is seeing activity increase in the secondary market.
“While retail will undoubtedly feel the ripple effects of new tariffs over time, in the near term, we’re seeing the market absorb the shock differently,” said Rose. “There’s currently a significant buffer in the form of excess inventory in the secondary market,” he added.
UNCS says in the last quarter alone, it tracked nearly $500 million worth of surplus goods already onshore and circulating domestically.
“This oversupply is helping to insulate immediate pricing pressures, but that cushion won’t last forever,” Rose said.
Jon Gold, vice president of supply chain and customs policy at the National Retail Federation, tells CNBC there is still a great deal of uncertainty for businesses on how to proceed in the coming months, with retailers planning to purchase and rush shipments for the holiday season to avoid tariff increases in mid-August, but with the headwind of increased freight costs as ocean carrier capacity constraints run up against restarted orders.
“The lack of forward clarity is adding to the confusion, and to the costs incurred from the importer down to the consumer,” said Alan Baer, CEO of OL USA.
Noah Hoffman, vice president for retail logistics at C.H. Robinson, says the timing for Christmas imports is a question mark, with three major factors at play. “Consumer demand is muted, ocean shipping rates are elevated, and tariffs are as volatile as ever,” said Hoffman. “What’s the bigger gamble during this 90-day window? Pulling holiday inventory forward while ocean rates are up and demand signals are uncertain, or waiting too long and risking that tariffs go up again? That’s the conversation a number of retailers and retail suppliers are having with us right now,” he said.
Consumer spending optimism is low
In answer to a question on holiday order priorities, 59% of respondents to the CNBC survey said they are focused on lower-priced goods, while 29% said promotional items. When asked what types of products are getting hit the hardest, 42% of respondents answering this question said discretionary products, followed by luxury (26%), furniture (19%) and travel (13%).
Close to one-third among more than 50 companies taking the CNBC Survey who answered a question about level of pullbacks in orders for the holidays put the range at between 20%-29%.
In separate interviews with brands and retailers, CNBC was told inventories range from one to three months and the risk of empty shelves for some products can be measured in a similar time frame.
Retailers are being careful about how they discuss price increases after President Donald Trump blasted both Amazon and Walmart in recent weeks over their plans and commentary on tariffs and consumer inflation. On Tuesday, Home Depot said it would “generally maintain” prices on products even with tariffs, a few days after Trump told Walmart to “EAT THE TARIFFS” in a social media post, and said he would be watching what the company did. On Wednesday, Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said there has been no slowdown in spending to date due to tariffs. But Target cuts its full-year sales outlook on Wednesday, citing tariffs among several other factors.
Optimism on consumer spending in the CNBC survey was low, with 75% of over 80 respondents asked if they foresee a consumer pullback saying yes, and 53% of an almost equal number of total respondents saying that pullback has already started.
Within the retail supply chain, pricing pressure is already percolating, according to Adam Davis, managing director of Wells Fargo Retail Finance.
“We have seen upward pressure on pricing recently, which might impact the ultimate retail price and degree of discounts offered as retailers navigate the evolving tariff environment in concert with current and future inventory levels,” said Davis.
His concerns include retailers that have recently reduced inventory purchases, as well as price increases, but he added that the higher prices will be selectively applied.
“We anticipate pricing adjustments to be methodical and specific to certain items versus a broad-brush approach,” Davis said, adding that making changes over time can help “to soften the impact to customers” from increasing prices on specific items versus “everything at once.”
For small businesses, there is less room to absorb cost increases.
“It is impossible for small brands to eat the costs of these tariffs,” said Bruce Kaminstein, a member of NY Angels and founder and former CEO of cleaning products company Casabella.
In interviews, retailers told CNBC tariffs become unsustainable for the company based on their current margins at 30% to 40%.
Recession risks still high amid trade war uncertainty
More than half of 80 respondents to the CNBC survey who answered a question on recession risk said they are still betting on an economic downturn, though the timing of that was split between those who say the recession has already begun (23%), and almost equal groupings of those who see it coming in the quarters ahead, from Q3 and Q4 of this year, to 2026.
Mark Baxa, CEO of the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals, said that mixed view on recession timing makes sense given what the supply chain is experiencing.
“We are in the midst of shifting sourcing and purchasing patterns, driven by a mix of current and anticipated consumer purchasing shifts, consumer pullback, and recession fears,” said Baxa. “Results are mixed in terms of timing and actions businesses are taking,” he said, but he added that the overall sentiment “is that supply chains anticipate fiscal headwinds as the year unfolds.”
Expectations for a freight recession, specifically, are similarly spread out over time, according to the survey results.
“We’ll have a clearer picture by July, when two factors converge, how many trade deals the U.S. has made with other countries before higher reciprocal tariffs are slated to kick in again, and how much freight demand there is after produce season and beverage season peak,” said Ronnie Davis, vice president for North American surface transportation at C.H. Robinson. “Sometime this summer, we’ll know whether this 90-day lowering of tariffs between the United States and China holds and how much holiday inventory might have been pulled forward in the meantime.”
Trump has said the global trade war is about bringing manufacturing back to the U.S., but the survey shows the continued pattern of choosing a “China-plus-one” strategy, and setting up manufacturing in another country, a shift that began during Trump’s first trade war with China in 2017.
Respondents to the survey who answered a question on freight and supply chain shifts say Vietnam continues to be the top outsourcing destination (66%), followed by India (55%), Malaysia (31%) and Cambodia (21%), with the remaining identifying other countries like Sri Lanka, Canada, Mexico, the Dominican Republic, Singapore, Sweden, Thailand and Pakistan.
